Preparation work: 1. Install Python: You can go to the official Python website（ https://www.python.org/ ）Download the latest version of Python and install it. 2. Install the Requests library: Execute the 'pip install requests' command from the command line to install the Requests library. Sample code (sending GET request): ```python import requests def send_get_request(url): response = requests.get(url) if response.status_code == 200: return response.text else: return None #Example: Sending a GET request to obtain Baidu homepage content and printing it url = 'https://www.baidu.com' content = send_get_request(url) if content: print(content) ``` Sample code (sending POST request): ```python import requests def send_post_request(url, data): response = requests.post(url, data=data) if response.status_code == 200: return response.text else: return None #Example: Sending a POST request to submit form data and printing the response content url = 'http://www.example.com/submit' data = {'username': 'John', 'password': 'secret'} content = send_post_request(url, data) if content: print(content) ``` Summary: The Requests library allows for easy sending of HTTP requests, supporting GET, POST, and other commonly used request methods. By calling the corresponding request method, the request can be sent and the server's response obtained. When sending a GET request, you can directly use the 'requests. get()' method and pass in the target URL; When sending a POST request, you can use the 'requests. post()' method and pass the form data to the request through the 'data' parameter. Based on the response status code of the server, it is possible to determine whether the request was successful and obtain the returned content.

Preparation work for environmental construction: 1. Install Python: First, you need to install Python on your computer. You can access it from the official website（ https://www.python.org ）Download and install the Python version suitable for your operating system. 2. Install the Requests library: Use the following command to install the Requests library. ``` pip install requests ``` 3. Import Requests Library: In Python code, you need to import the Requests library to use its functions and classes. ``` import requests ``` The sample code is as follows: ```python import requests #Build Request Header headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3' } #Build Request Body payload = { 'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2' } #Send GET request response = requests.get(url, headers=headers) #Send POST request # response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=payload) #Print response content print(response.text) ``` Explanation and Summary: 1. To import the 'requests' library, we first need to import the' requests' library so that we can use its functions and classes to send HTTP requests. 2. Build request headers that contain information about user agents, Accept Language, and other HTTP requests. 3. Build a payload that contains the data we want to send, which is typically used to send POST requests. 4. Send a GET or POST request, using the 'requests. get()' function to send the GET request, and the 'requests. post()' function to send the POST request. It should be noted that we need to pass the URL, request header, and request body as parameters to these functions. 5. To print the response content, we can use 'response. text' to obtain the response content and print it out. Through the above steps, we can successfully add the request header and request body, and send the HTTP request. Based on actual needs, you can modify the content of the request header and request body as needed.

Environmental preparation work: 1. Install the Python environment. 2. Run the following command from the command line to install the requests library: ` pip install requests` Implement a complete sample and provide complete Python code: ```python import requests #Send GET request response = requests.get('https://api.github.com') #Obtain response status code status_code = response.status_code Print ('Response status code: ', status_code) #Get response header headers = response.headers Print ('Response header: ', headers) #Get response body content = response.text Print ('response body: ', content) ``` Summary: Python's requests library provides functionality for handling HTTP requests and responses. By sending requests such as GET/POST, a response object can be obtained, and information such as the status code, response header, and response body can be obtained through the properties and methods of the response. In practical use, we can parse and process the response as needed.

To use Requests to process cookies in Python, you need to first install the Requests library. You can install Requests using the following command: ``` pip install requests ``` Next, we will implement a complete example to demonstrate how to use Requests to process cookies. ```python import requests #Set Cookies def set_cookie(): url = "https://example.com/login" data = { "username": "testuser", "password": "testpass" } response = requests.post(url, data=data) if response.status_code == 200: Print ("Cookie set successfully") else: Print ("Cookie setting failed") #Get Cookies def get_cookie(): url = "https://example.com/profile" response = requests.get(url) if response.status_code == 200: cookie = response.cookies.get('cookie_name') Print ("Cookie obtained:", cookie) else: Print ("Failed to obtain cookie") #Delete Cookie def delete_cookie(): url = "https://example.com/logout" response = requests.get(url) if response.status_code == 200: Print ("Cookie deleted successfully") else: Print ("Cookie deletion failed") #Main function def main(): set_cookie() get_cookie() delete_cookie() if __name__ == "__main__": main() ``` In the above code, we first defined three functions to set cookies, obtain cookies, and delete cookies. Set_ The cookie function sets the cookie by sending the username and password to the login page through a POST request. Get_ The cookie function obtains a cookie through a GET request. Delete_ The cookie function deletes cookies through a GET request. In the main function, we call these three functions in order to test the functionality of setting, obtaining, and deleting cookies. Summary: Using Requests to process cookies is very simple, just use the cookies properties provided by the requests library to set, retrieve, and delete operations.

Environmental construction and preparation work: 1. Install Python: On the Python official website（ https://www.python.org/ ）Download and install the latest version of Python. 2. Install the Requests library: Run the 'pip install requests' command from the command line to install the Requests library. Sample code implementation: The following is a complete example of using the Requests library to upload and download files: ```python import requests #File upload def upload_file(file_path, url): with open(file_path, 'rb') as file: files = {'file': file} response = requests.post(url, files=files) if response.status_code == 200: Print ('File uploaded successfully ') else: Print ('File upload failed ') #File Download def download_file(url, save_path): response = requests.get(url) if response.status_code == 200: with open(save_path, 'wb') as file: file.write(response.content) Print ('File downloaded successfully ') else: Print ('File download failed ') #Upload and download test files def test_upload_download(): #Test file upload upload_url = 'http://localhost:8000/upload' file_path = 'path/to/upload/file.txt' upload_file(file_path, upload_url) #Test file download download_url = 'http://localhost:8000/download' save_path = 'path/to/save/file.txt' download_file(download_url, save_path) test_upload_download() ``` Summary: The Requests library enables easy file upload and download operations. File upload can be achieved through the 'requests. post' method, and file download can be achieved through the 'requests. get' method. It should be noted that when uploading files, we need to use the 'files' parameter and pass the file object to it. When downloading a file, we can use 'response. content' to obtain the file content.

In Python, using the Requests library to handle SSL certificate validation requires some preparation work. Firstly, ensure that the Requests library and required dependency libraries are installed. You can install them by using pip: ``` pip install requests ``` Next, we need to obtain the SSL certificate to be used. You can apply for a valid SSL certificate from the Certificate authority, or you can create a self signed certificate to test. For self signed certificates, OpenSSL tools can be used to generate them. Firstly, install the OpenSSL tool: ``` sudo apt-get install openssl ``` Then, execute the following command on the command line to generate a self signed certificate: ``` openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out cert.pem -keyout key.pem ``` This command will generate a self signed certificate file 'certificate. pem' and a private key file 'key. pem' with a validity period of 365 days. Now that we have prepared the SSL certificate and private key file, we can use the Requests library to implement SSL certificate verification. The following is a complete example, including environment setup, code implementation, and summary: ```python import requests #Set the path for SSL certificate and private key files cert_file = 'path/to/cert.pem' key_file = 'path/to/key.pem' #Request to verify SSL certificate url = 'https://example.com' #Send GET request response = requests.get(url, cert=(cert_file, key_file)) #Print response content print(response.text) ``` In the above code, we first specified the path to the SSL certificate and private key file. Then, we defined the URL to verify the SSL certificate. Finally, we sent a GET request with an SSL certificate using the 'get' method of the Requests library and obtained the response. Summary: Using the Requests library to process SSL certificate validation in Python requires the following preparatory work: installing the Requests library and related dependency libraries, and obtaining available SSL certificates. Then, use methods such as' get 'or' post 'in the Requests library to send a request with an SSL certificate and obtain a response.

Preparation work: 1. Install Python: First, make sure that your computer has Python installed. You can access the Python official website（ https://www.python.org ）Download the latest version of Python. 2. Install dependency library: In order to use the Requests library, we need to install it. Run the following command from the command line to install the Requests library: ``` pip install requests ``` Next is a complete example of using the Requests library to process sessions: ```python import requests #Create a Session object session = requests.Session() #Send a GET request and maintain session state response = session.get('https://www.example.com/login') #Send POST request login payload = {'username': 'your_username', 'password': 'your_password'} response = session.post('https://www.example.com/login', data=payload) #Check login status if response.status_code == 200: Print ('Login successful ') else: Print ('Login failed ') #Send a request with session information response = session.get('https://www.example.com/protected_page') #Print the response content returned by the server print(response.text) #Close Session session.close() ``` The above code uses the Session object of the Requests library to handle the session. Firstly, we created a Session object, sent a GET request to the login page, and then sent a POST request to log in. By using the post method in the Session object, we can keep the logged in session information in the session, so that subsequent requests will automatically carry this information. Finally, we sent a GET request with session information and printed the response content returned by the server. Summary: By using the Session object in the Requests library, we can simplify the process of processing sessions, maintain session state, and share session information. It provides a convenient way to handle tasks that require maintaining session state, such as logging in, tracking users, etc.

Preparation work: 1. Install Python: Ensure that the Python environment has been installed. You can access it from the official website https://www.python.org/downloads/ Download and install the latest version of Python. 2. Install the Requests library: Open a terminal or command prompt and enter the following command to install the Requests library. ``` pip install requests ``` After the environment is set up, we can start implementing examples of HTTP authentication. Basic certification example: Basic authentication is the simplest HTTP authentication method, and the client needs to provide a username and password for authentication. ```python import requests #Send GET requests using Requests and perform basic authentication url = 'https://api.example.com/some/endpoint' username = 'my_username' password = 'my_password' response = requests.get(url, auth=(username, password)) #Print response status code and content print(response.status_code) print(response.text) ``` Summary authentication example: Abstract authentication is more secure than basic authentication, as it uses a digest algorithm to encrypt the password in the sent request. ```python import requests from requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuth #Send GET requests using Requests and perform summary authentication url = 'https://api.example.com/some/endpoint' username = 'my_username' password = 'my_password' response = requests.get(url, auth=HTTPDigestAuth(username, password)) #Print response status code and content print(response.status_code) print(response.text) ``` Summary: This article introduces the methods of using the Requests library to handle HTTP authentication, including basic authentication and digest authentication. Basic authentication uses username and password for authentication, while digest authentication is more secure, using digest algorithms to encrypt passwords. When implementing the sample, we only need to specify the authentication method and provide the corresponding username and password. At the same time, Requests also supports other types of authentication methods, such as OAuth authentication and Bearer Token authentication, and selects the appropriate authentication method based on actual needs.

Preparation work for environmental construction: 1. Install Python: If you have not already installed Python, please visit the official Python website（ https://www.python.org/ ）Download and install the latest version suitable for your operating system. Please ensure to add Python to the environment variable. 2. Ensure that the required class libraries are installed: As we will use the socket class library, which comes with Python, there is no need for additional installation. Dependent class libraries: In this example, the class library we are using is the socket class library that comes with Python. Example code: The following is a simple example program that demonstrates how to use sockets to achieve basic TCP connections, send and receive data. ```python import socket def create_tcp_socket(): ''' Create TCP Socket ''' return socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) def connect_socket(sock, host, port): ''' Connect to the specified host and port ''' sock.connect((host, port)) def send_data(sock, data): ''' send data ''' sock.sendall(data.encode()) def receive_data(sock, buffer_size=1024): ''' receive data ''' data = sock.recv(buffer_size).decode() return data def close_socket(sock): ''' Close Socket Connection ''' sock.close() if __name__ == '__main__': #Setting Up Hosts and Ports HOST = '127.0.0.1' PORT = 8080 #Create TCP Socket tcp_socket = create_tcp_socket() #Connect to the specified host and port connect_socket(tcp_socket, HOST, PORT) #Sending data message = 'Hello, server!' send_data(tcp_socket, message) #Receiving data response = receive_data(tcp_socket) print('Received:', response) #Close Socket Connection close_socket(tcp_socket) ``` Summary: In Python, using the socket class can facilitate TCP connections, sending, and receiving data. By creating a TCP socket and connecting to the specified host and port, then sending and receiving data, and finally closing the socket connection, TCP communication can be completed.

To implement sending and receiving data through UDP using Python, the following preparations need to be made: 1. Install Python and corresponding development environment: Ensure that Python is already installed on the computer and the socket class library is installed. 2. Open Python development environment: use any Python Integrated development environment (IDE) or text editor to open a new Python file. The following are the class libraries that need to be relied on in Python: 1. Socket Class Library: Python's socket class library provides support for socket programming, allowing us to use the UDP protocol for network communication. Now, let's start implementing examples of sending and receiving data through UDP, and provide the complete Python code: ```python import socket #Creating UDP sockets udp_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) #Set the target host and port number target_host = "localhost" target_port = 1234 #Sending data message = "Hello, UDP server!" udp_socket.sendto(message.encode(), (target_host, target_port)) #Receiving data data, addr = udp_socket.recvfrom(1024) print("Received:", data.decode()) #Close socket udp_socket.close() ``` In the above code, we first imported the socket module. Then, we created a UDP socket instance, specifying the use of IPv4 and UDP protocol (SOCK_DGRAM). Next, we set the target host and port number, and then sent a message. We send data by calling the 'sendto()' function, where the first parameter is the data to be sent and the second parameter is a tuple of the target host and port number. Next, we use the 'recvfrom()' function to receive data. It returns the received data and the address of the sent data (a tuple of host and port numbers). We can use the 'decode()' function to convert the received data from bytes to a string and print it out. Finally, we close the socket. Summary: Through Python's socket library, we can easily achieve sending and receiving data through UDP. To use UDP for network communication, you need to create a UDP socket, set the target host and port number, and then use the 'sendto()' function to send data, and use the 'recvfrom()' function to receive data. Finally, remember to close the socket.