Apache Kafka is a distributed, highly reliable, and high-performance message queue system that can be used to build real-time data streams and data pipelines. It mainly consists of three core components: Producer, Broker, and Consumer. The advantages of Kafka are as follows: 1. High throughput: Kafka can handle high concurrency and large-scale message flows, processing millions of messages per second. 2. Scalability: Kafka's data storage is done in a partitioned manner, which can be horizontally expanded to multiple nodes to support larger data volumes. 3. Persistence: Kafka persists all published messages to disk and supports the configuration of message persistence time. 4. Reliability: Kafka supports message backup and fault recovery, ensuring the reliable transmission of messages. 5. Multiple message publishing modes: Kafka supports multiple publishing modes, including peer-to-peer, publish subscribe, and batch publish. 6. Efficient data compression: Kafka can compress messages and reduce the amount of data transmitted on the network. 7. Distributed: Kafka supports distributed deployment and provides a multi copy backup mechanism to ensure high availability of data. The following is the complete sample code for implementing Kafka message sending and receiving using Java. Firstly, it is necessary to add Kafka's Maven dependency to the pom.xml file: ```xml <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId> <artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId> <version>2.8.0</version> </dependency> </dependencies> ``` Then, the message can be sent using the following code: ```java import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer; import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerRecord; import java.util.Properties; public class KafkaProducerExample { public static void main(String[] args) { String bootstrapServers = "localhost:9092"; String topic = "test-topic"; Properties props = new Properties(); props.put("bootstrap.servers", bootstrapServers); props.put("key.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer"); props.put("value.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer"); KafkaProducer<String, String> producer = new KafkaProducer<>(props); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { String key = "key" + i; String value = "value" + i; ProducerRecord<String, String> record = new ProducerRecord<>(topic, key, value); producer.send(record); } producer.close(); } } ``` The above code creates a KafkaProducer object, configured with Kafka's address (bootstrap. servers) and serializer. Then, 10 messages were sent through a loop, each containing a key and a value. Finally, the producer was closed. Next, you can use the following code to receive messages: ```java import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.Consumer; import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord; import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecords; import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer; import java.time.Duration; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Properties; public class KafkaConsumerExample { public static void main(String[] args) { String bootstrapServers = "localhost:9092"; String topic = "test-topic"; String groupId = "test-group"; Properties props = new Properties(); props.put("bootstrap.servers", bootstrapServers); props.put("key.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer"); props.put("value.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer"); props.put("group.id", groupId); Consumer<String, String> consumer = new KafkaConsumer<>(props); consumer.subscribe(Collections.singletonList(topic)); while (true) { ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(100)); for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) { System.out.println("Received message: key = " + record.key() + ", value = " + record.value()); } } } } ``` The above code creates a KafkaConsumer object, configuring Kafka's address (bootstrap. servers), deserializer, and consumer group (group. id). Then, the specified topic was subscribed to by calling the 'consumer. subscribe()' method. Next, by consuming the message in a loop, print out the key and value of the message. Configuration example: -Kafka Service Address: localhost: 9092 -Topic name: test topic -Consumer group name: test group Official website link: https://kafka.apache.org/

RabbitMQ is an open source Message broker middleware, which is implemented based on AMQP (Advanced Message Queuing Protocol) protocol and is used to achieve reliable message communication. Advantages: 1. Reliability: RabbitMQ supports message persistence and can ensure the reliability of messages during the sending and receiving processes. 2. Flexibility: RabbitMQ supports multiple messaging modes, including point-to-point, Publish–subscribe pattern, message routing, etc., to meet the needs of different application scenarios. 3. High transmission efficiency: RabbitMQ is developed using Erlang language and has the characteristics of high concurrency and low latency, which can support large-scale message transmission. 4. Scalability: RabbitMQ supports a distributed architecture and can improve message processing capabilities and availability by adding multiple nodes. 5. Active Community: RabbitMQ has a large open source community that provides rich documentation and sample code for developers to learn and use. Disadvantages: 1. The Learning curve is steep: Since RabbitMQ uses the AMQP protocol, compared with other MQ middleware such as Kafka, ActiveMQ, etc., it may require a certain learning cost. 2. Complex deployment and maintenance: RabbitMQ relies on the Erlang environment, which is relatively complex to deploy and maintain. The following is a sample code for using RabbitMQ in Java to send and receive messages: //Dependency Maven Dependency: <dependency> <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId> <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId> <version>5.7.2</version> </dependency> //Producer Code Example import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; public class Producer { private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello"; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("localhost"); try (Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel()) { channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); String message = "Hello World!"; channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes("UTF-8")); System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'"); } } } //Consumer Code Example import com.rabbitmq.client.*; import java.io.IOException; public class Consumer { private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello"; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("localhost"); try (Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel()) { channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C"); DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> { String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8"); System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'"); }; channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> { }); } } } In the above code, the Producer is responsible for sending messages, and the Consumer is responsible for receiving messages. Create Connection and Channel objects using ConnectionFactory, declare a message queue using the queueDeclare method, send messages to the specified queue using the basicPublish method, and listen to the queue using the basicConsumer method to receive messages. RabbitMQ official website link: https://www.rabbitmq.com/

Apache ActiveMQ is an open source, multi language supported messaging middleware. It implements the specification of the Jakarta Messaging (JMS) API and provides the infrastructure of a distributed, message oriented system. The advantages of ActiveMQ are as follows: 1. Reliability: ActiveMQ uses persistent message storage to ensure that messages are not lost in the event of downtime or network failure. 2. High performance: ActiveMQ uses asynchronous IO and highly optimized processes to achieve high throughput and low latency. 3. Multiple communication protocol support: ActiveMQ supports multiple communication protocols, including OpenWire, STOMP, AMQP, MQTT, etc. 4. Flexibility: ActiveMQ supports the creation of dynamic queues and topics, which can be dynamically adjusted according to system requirements. 5. Highly scalable: ActiveMQ can be deployed as a cluster to achieve high availability and load balancing. The following is the complete sample code for sending and receiving messages using Apache ActiveMQ: Firstly, it is necessary to add Apache ActiveMQ dependencies in pom.xml: ```xml <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId> <artifactId>activemq-broker</artifactId> <version>5.16.0</version> </dependency> ``` Example code for sending messages: ```java import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory; import javax.jms.*; public class MessageProducer { public static void main(String[] args) { //Create Connection Factory ConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616"); try { //Create Connection Connection connection = factory.createConnection(); connection.start(); //Create Session Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); //Create Destination Destination destination = session.createQueue("testQueue"); //Create Message Producer MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(destination); //Create Message TextMessage message = session.createTextMessage("Hello, ActiveMQ!"); //Sending messages producer.send(message); //Close Resources producer.close(); session.close(); connection.close(); } catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } ``` Example code for receiving messages: ```java import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory; import javax.jms.*; public class MessageConsumer { public static void main(String[] args) { //Create Connection Factory ConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616"); try { //Create Connection Connection connection = factory.createConnection(); connection.start(); //Create Session Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); //Create Destination Destination destination = session.createQueue("testQueue"); //Create message consumers MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(destination); //Set up message listeners consumer.setMessageListener(new MessageListener() { public void onMessage(Message message) { TextMessage textMessage = (TextMessage) message; try { System.out.println("Received message: " + textMessage.getText()); } catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); //Blocking waiting messages System.in.read(); //Close Resources consumer.close(); session.close(); connection.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } ``` Sample configuration: In the above code, the parameters for connecting to the factory are“ tcp://localhost:61616 Represents the address and port of the ActiveMQ server to which the connection is made. Official website link: https://activemq.apache.org/

IBM MQ is a cross platform message queuing middleware that provides reliable message passing capabilities in distributed systems. It decouples communication between applications using a queue approach, allowing applications to evolve independently. IBM MQ supports multiple communication modes, including asynchronous and synchronous communication. Advantages: 1. High reliability: IBM MQ uses message queues to store messages, ensuring their persistence and reliability between sending and receiving. 2. Cross platform support: IBM MQ can run on multiple platforms and operating systems, making it easy for different types of applications to communicate messages. 3. Flexibility: IBM MQ supports multiple communication modes, including point-to-point and Publish–subscribe pattern modes. You can select appropriate communication modes according to actual needs. Disadvantages: 1. Complex configuration: The configuration of IBM MQ is relatively complex, requiring multiple parameters to be set, including queue manager, channel, queue, and other contents. 2. Steep Learning curve: Because of its complex configuration and usage, beginners need some time to understand and master the use of IBM MQ. 3. High cost: IBM MQ is a Commercial software that requires a license. The following is an example of Java code for using IBM MQ to send and receive messages: 1. Add Maven dependency: ```xml <dependency> <groupId>com.ibm.mq</groupId> <artifactId>com.ibm.mq.allclient</artifactId> <version>1.0.0</version> </dependency> ``` 2. Sample code for message sending: ```java import com.ibm.mq.MQEnvironment; import com.ibm.mq.MQException; import com.ibm.mq.MQQueue; import com.ibm.mq.MQQueueManager; import com.ibm.mq.constants.CMQC; public class MQSender { private MQQueueManager queueManager; public MQSender(String host, int port, String channel, String queueManagerName) throws MQException { MQEnvironment.hostname = host; MQEnvironment.port = port; MQEnvironment.channel = channel; MQEnvironment.properties.put(CMQC.TRANSPORT_PROPERTY, CMQC.TRANSPORT_MQSERIES_BINDINGS); queueManager = new MQQueueManager(queueManagerName); } public void sendMessage(String queueName, String message) throws MQException { MQQueue queue = queueManager.accessQueue(queueName, CMQC.MQOO_OUTPUT); MQMessage mqMessage = new MQMessage(); mqMessage.writeUTF(message); MQPutMessageOptions options = new MQPutMessageOptions(); queue.put(mqMessage, options); queue.close(); } public static void main(String[] args) { String host = "localhost"; int port = 1414; String channel = "CHANNEL"; String queueManagerName = "QMGR"; String queueName = "QUEUE"; String message = "Hello MQ!"; try { MQSender sender = new MQSender(host, port, channel, queueManagerName); sender.sendMessage(queueName, message); System.out.println("Message sent successfully."); } catch (MQException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } ``` 3. Sample code for message reception: ```java import com.ibm.mq.MQEnvironment; import com.ibm.mq.MQException; import com.ibm.mq.MQQueue; import com.ibm.mq.MQQueueManager; import com.ibm.mq.constants.CMQC; public class MQReceiver { private MQQueueManager queueManager; public MQReceiver(String host, int port, String channel, String queueManagerName) throws MQException { MQEnvironment.hostname = host; MQEnvironment.port = port; MQEnvironment.channel = channel; MQEnvironment.properties.put(CMQC.TRANSPORT_PROPERTY, CMQC.TRANSPORT_MQSERIES_BINDINGS); queueManager = new MQQueueManager(queueManagerName); } public String receiveMessage(String queueName) throws MQException { MQQueue queue = queueManager.accessQueue(queueName, CMQC.MQOO_INPUT_SHARED); MQMessage mqMessage = new MQMessage(); MQGetMessageOptions options = new MQGetMessageOptions(); options.options = CMQC.MQGMO_SYNCPOINT; queue.get(mqMessage, options); String message = mqMessage.readUTF(); queue.close(); return message; } public static void main(String[] args) { String host = "localhost"; int port = 1414; String channel = "CHANNEL"; String queueManagerName = "QMGR"; String queueName = "QUEUE"; try { MQReceiver receiver = new MQReceiver(host, port, channel, queueManagerName); String message = receiver.receiveMessage(queueName); System.out.println("Received message: " + message); } catch (MQException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } ``` Configuration example: ``` To use IBM MQ, it is necessary to install the MQ client locally and configure connection parameters and queue managers according to the actual situation. You can refer to the official IBM MQ documentation for specific configurations. The content of the configuration file is similar to: hostname=localhost port=1414 channel=CHANNEL queueManager=QMGR queue=QUEUE ``` The dependency in the above code example is a unified dependency for all IBM MQ clients, and different dependencies can be chosen according to the actual situation when using it. IBM MQ official website:[ https://www.ibm.com/products/mq ]（ https://www.ibm.com/products/mq ）

JSMPP is a pure Java implemented SMPP protocol library used to build SMS sending and receiving applications. The SMPP (Short Message Peer to Peer) protocol is a standard protocol that interconnects SMS centers and external SMS entities, allowing applications to send and receive SMS messages through the SMS center. The advantages of the JSP framework include: 1. Pure Java implementation: JSMPP is a pure Java library that can run on any platform that supports Java. 2. Easy to use: JSMPP provides a simple API for sending and receiving text messages. Developers can implement SMS communication functionality with a small amount of code. 3. Support for amplification: JSMPP can handle a large number of SMS exchanges under high load conditions. 4. Complete protocol support: JSMPP supports all core functions of the SMPP protocol, including session management, message exchange, and error handling. The drawbacks of the JSMPP framework include: 1. Learning curve: If you are not familiar with the SMPP protocol, you may need some learning and understanding to use the JSMPP framework. 2. Powerful features: JSMPP provides many functions and options, which may be somewhat complex for simple SMS communication needs. The following is a sample code for a Java implementation that uses the JSP framework to send and receive text messages: 1. Add Maven dependency: ```xml <dependency> <groupId>com.cloudhopper.smpp</groupId> <artifactId>jsmpp</artifactId> <version>2.3.8</version> </dependency> ``` 2. Example code for sending text messages: ```java import com.cloudhopper.smpp.*; import com.cloudhopper.smpp.pdu.*; import com.cloudhopper.smpp.type.*; public class SMSClient { private SmppSession session; public void bind() throws SmppException { DefaultSmppClient client = new DefaultSmppClient(); SmppSessionConfiguration config = new SmppSessionConfiguration(); config.setWindowSize(5); config.setName("SMSClient"); config.setType(SmppBindType.TRANSCEIVER); config.setHost("localhost"); config.setPort(2775); config.setSystemId("smppclient1"); config.setPassword("password"); session = client.bind(config, new SmppSessionHandlerAdapter()); } public void sendSMS(String message, String phoneNumber) throws SmppException { SubmitSm sm = new SubmitSm(); sm.setSourceAddress(new Address((byte)0x01, (byte)0x01, "SMSC")); sm.setDestAddress(new Address((byte)0x01, (byte)0x01, phoneNumber)); sm.setShortMessage(message.getBytes()); session.submit(sm, 10000); } public void unbind() throws SmppException { if (session != null && session.isBound()) { session.unbind(5000); } } public static void main(String[] args) { SMSClient client = new SMSClient(); try { client.bind(); client.sendSMS("Hello, World!", "1234567890"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { client.unbind(); } catch (SmppException e) { } } } } ``` 3. Example code for receiving text messages: ```java import com.cloudhopper.smpp.*; import com.cloudhopper.smpp.pdu.*; import com.cloudhopper.smpp.type.*; public class SMSReceiver { private SMPPServerSessionHandler sessionHandler; public void startServer() throws SmppException { SMPPServerSessionHandler sessionHandler = new SMPPServerSessionHandler(); SMPPServerConfiguration config = new DefaultSmppServerConfiguration(); config.setPort(2775); SmppServer smppServer = new DefaultSmppServer(config, sessionHandler); smppServer.start(); } public class SMPPServerSessionHandler extends DefaultSmppServerSessionHandler { @Override public PduResponse firePduRequestReceived(PduRequest pduRequest) { if (pduRequest instanceof DeliverSm) { DeliverSm deliverSm = (DeliverSm) pduRequest; System.out.println("Received message: " + new String(deliverSm.getShortMessage())); } return super.firePduRequestReceived(pduRequest); } } public static void main(String[] args) { SMSReceiver receiver = new SMSReceiver(); try { receiver.startServer(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } ``` Please note that the above code is only an example and may require appropriate changes based on your actual environment and requirements. Official website link for the JSP framework: http://jsmpp.org/

Apache Pulsar is an open source distributed messaging system that can be used to reliably store and transmit large-scale data streams. It has high scalability and can provide low latency and high throughput message delivery. The following are some advantages of the Apache Pulsar framework: 1. Distributed architecture: Pulsar adopts a layered architecture, which is conducive to high reliability and scalability. 2. Persistent storage: Messages are stored in persistent storage and can be delayed and data persisted as needed. 3. Flexible message delivery guarantee: Pulsar supports multiple message delivery guarantee levels to meet various application requirements. 4. Multi tenant support: Multiple tenants can be isolated in different namespaces to ensure data security and isolation. 5. Support rich client APIs: Pulsar provides various client APIs such as Java, Python, and C++, making it easy for developers to use. The following is the complete sample code for using Apache Pulsar to send and receive messages in Java: Firstly, you need to add the maven dependency of Apache Pulsar. ```xml <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.pulsar</groupId> <artifactId>pulsar-client</artifactId> <version>2.8.0</version> </dependency> ``` 2. Example of message sending code: ```java import org.apache.pulsar.client.api.*; public class PulsarProducerExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws PulsarClientException { PulsarClient client = PulsarClient.builder() .serviceUrl("pulsar://localhost:6650") .build(); Producer<byte[]> producer = client.newProducer() .topic("my-topic") .create(); String message = "Hello, Pulsar!"; producer.send(message.getBytes()); producer.close(); client.close(); } } ``` In the above code example, we first created a PulsarClient object and set the URL of the Pulsar service. Then, create a Producer object and specify the topic to send the message to. Finally, send the message by calling the 'send' method. 3. Example of message receiving code: ```java import org.apache.pulsar.client.api.*; public class PulsarConsumerExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws PulsarClientException { PulsarClient client = PulsarClient.builder() .serviceUrl("pulsar://localhost:6650") .build(); Consumer<byte[]> consumer = client.newConsumer() .topic("my-topic") .subscriptionName("my-subscription") .subscribe(); while (true) { Message<byte[]> msg = consumer.receive(); try { System.out.println(new String(msg.getData())); consumer.acknowledge(msg); } catch (Exception e) { //Handling exceptions } } } } ``` In the above code example, we first created a PulsarClient object and set the URL of the Pulsar service. Then, create a Consumer object and specify the topic and subscription name to receive. Then, you can receive messages by calling the 'receive' method in the loop. Configuration example: In the configuration file of Pulsar (such as' conf/pulsar. conf '), the following example configurations can be added to start the Pulsar service: ``` brokerServicePort=6650 webServicePort=8080 ``` For more information about Apache Pulsar, please refer to the official website: https://pulsar.apache.org/

RocketMQ is a distributed messaging middleware that has the characteristics of high reliability, high throughput, low latency, and scalability. It is developed and open-source by Alibaba Group and is a messaging middleware used by Alibaba in production environments. The main advantages of RocketMQ include: 1. High reliability: RocketMQ uses a master-slave architecture and has a replica mechanism to ensure high reliability of messages. 2. High throughput: RocketMQ uses a pull based consumption method, supporting batch sending and receiving of messages, and can achieve message throughput of millions per second. 3. Low latency: RocketMQ supports asynchronous message sending and sequential messaging, providing low latency message transmission. 4. Scalability: RocketMQ supports horizontal scalability, allowing for the addition or reduction of message servers based on business needs, while also supporting dynamic configuration and hot updates. 5. Multi language support: RocketMQ provides clients in multiple languages such as Java, C++, Python, Go, etc., which can be easily integrated into various applications. The drawbacks of RocketMQ include: 1. The configuration is relatively complex: The deployment and configuration of RocketMQ require a certain technical background and experience. 2. Relatively limited functionality: Compared to other messaging middleware, RocketMQ has relatively less functionality and does not support advanced features such as distributed transactions. The following is the complete sample code for implementing RocketMQ message sending and receiving using Java: 1. Introducing Maven dependencies: ```xml <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.rocketmq</groupId> <artifactId>rocketmq-client</artifactId> <version>4.5.2</version> </dependency> ``` 2. Message sending: ```java import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult; import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.Message; public class RocketMQProducer { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //Create a producer and specify the producer group name DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("producer_group"); //Set Namesrv addresses, separating multiple addresses with semicolons producer.setNamesrvAddr("127.0.0.1:9876"); //Start Producer Instance producer.start(); //Create a message object and specify the message subject, label, and content Message message = new Message("topic", "tag", "Hello, RocketMQ".getBytes()); //Send a message and obtain the sending result SendResult result = producer.send(message); System. out. println ("Message sending result:"+result); //Close Producer Instance producer.shutdown(); } } ``` 3. Message reception: ```java import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.MessageListenerConcurrently; import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt; public class RocketMQConsumer { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, MQClientException { //Create a consumer and specify the consumer group name DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("consumer_group"); //Set Namesrv addresses, separating multiple addresses with semicolons consumer.setNamesrvAddr("127.0.0.1:9876"); //Subscribe to message themes and tags consumer.subscribe("topic", "*"); //Register a message listener to process messages consumer.registerMessageListener((MessageListenerConcurrently) (msgs, context) -> { for (MessageExt message : msgs) { System. out. println ("Received message:"+new String (message. getBody())); } return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS; }); //Launch Consumer Instance consumer.start(); System. out. println ("Consumer started successfully"); } } ``` Sample configuration: In the 'conf' folder under the installation directory of RocketMQ, there are two key configuration files: 'namesrv. properties' and' broker. properties'` Namesrv. properties' configures the network and memory parameters of Namesrv, while 'broker. properties' configures the network, memory, and storage parameters of Broker. You can make corresponding modifications to these two configuration files according to your needs. RocketMQ official document:[ https://rocketmq.apache.org/ ]（ https://rocketmq.apache.org/ ）

HornetQ is an open source, high-performance, multi-protocol, pure Java messaging framework that can be used to meet various requirements for message communication, including publish subscribe, peer-to-peer, and request response patterns. HornetQ provides multiple transmission protocols, including NIO, Netty, and Apache ActiveMQ, which can be easily integrated with existing JMS clients. The advantages of HornetQ include: 1. High performance: HornetQ uses an asynchronous, non blocking architecture and supports efficient message processing and transmission mechanisms, with excellent message throughput and low latency. 2. Scalability: HornetQ supports cluster and distributed deployment, which can achieve high availability and load balancing requirements. 3. Support for multiple protocols: HornetQ can transmit messages through different protocols, including AMQP, STOMP, OpenWire, etc., providing greater flexibility. 4. Rich features: HornetQ provides rich features and functions, such as message reliability, transaction support, message filtering, and message routing mechanisms. The drawbacks of HornetQ include: 1. Decreased community activity: Due to the merger of a portion of HornetQ code into the ActiveMQ Artemis project, HornetQ's community activity has decreased. 2. High difficulty in getting started: The configuration and use of HornetQ are relatively complex, and beginners may need to spend some time learning and understanding its usage methods. The following is a sample Java code for using HornetQ to send and receive messages: 1. Add Maven dependency for HornetQ: ```xml <dependency> <groupId>org.hornetq</groupId> <artifactId>hornetq-jms-client</artifactId> <version>2.4.7.Final</version> </dependency> ``` 2. Sample producer code for HornetQ: ```java import javax.jms.Connection; import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory; import javax.jms.Destination; import javax.jms.MessageProducer; import javax.jms.Session; import javax.jms.TextMessage; import org.hornetq.jms.client.HornetQConnectionFactory; public class HornetQProducer { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //Create Connection Factory ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new HornetQConnectionFactory(); //Create Connection Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection(); connection.start(); //Create Session Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); //Create Goals Destination destination = session.createQueue("testQueue"); //Create Producer MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(destination); //Create Message TextMessage message = session.createTextMessage("Hello, HornetQ!"); //Sending messages producer.send(message); //Close Connection producer.close(); session.close(); connection.close(); } } ``` 3. Consumer example code for HornetQ: ```java import javax.jms.Connection; import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory; import javax.jms.Destination; import javax.jms.Message; import javax.jms.MessageConsumer; import javax.jms.Session; import javax.jms.TextMessage; import org.hornetq.jms.client.HornetQConnectionFactory; public class HornetQConsumer { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //Create Connection Factory ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new HornetQConnectionFactory(); //Create Connection Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection(); connection.start(); //Create Session Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); //Create Goals Destination destination = session.createQueue("testQueue"); //Creating Consumers MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(destination); //Receive messages Message message = consumer.receive(); if (message instanceof TextMessage) { TextMessage textMessage = (TextMessage) message; System.out.println("Received message: " + textMessage.getText()); } //Close Connection consumer.close(); session.close(); connection.close(); } } ``` The above code demonstrates how to use HornetQ to send and receive messages. In the example, we created a connection factory that creates connections and sessions, and creates targets (queues) through the session. Then, we create producers and consumers respectively, and use the producers to send a message. The consumers receive and print the message content. Finally, we closed producers, consumers, sessions, and connections. HornetQ official website link: https://hornetq.jboss.org/

Apache Qpid is an open source framework for message communication, which conforms to the AMQP (Advanced Message Queuing Protocol) standard. This framework provides a set of tools for building scalable and reliable distributed systems. Advantages: 1. High reliability: Apache Qpid uses the AMQP protocol to ensure that messages are not lost during transmission, and supports persistent storage of messages to ensure their reliability. 2. Good scalability: Apache QPid supports multiple communication modes, such as point-to-point, Publish–subscribe pattern, and request/response modes. Different modes can be selected according to actual needs. 3. Strong flexibility: This framework provides a flexible message model and routing mechanism, which can meet the needs of different application scenarios. 4. Cross platform support: Apache Qpid supports multiple programming languages, including Java, C++, etc., making it easy to develop on different platforms. Disadvantages: 1. High learning cost: Due to the complexity of the AMQP protocol, beginners need to spend some time learning and understanding relevant concepts and usage. 2. Relatively low performance: Compared to other messaging middleware, Apache Qpid may be slightly inferior in performance. The following is the Java sample code for implementing message sending and receiving using Apache Qpid: Sending message code: ```java import org.apache.qpid.jms.JmsConnectionFactory; import javax.jms.*; public class MessageSender { public static void main(String[] args) throws JMSException { //Create Connection Factory JmsConnectionFactory factory = new JmsConnectionFactory(); factory.setRemoteURI("amqp://localhost:5672"); //Create connections and sessions Connection connection = factory.createConnection(); Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); //Create Goals Destination destination = session.createQueue("myQueue"); //Create Message Sender MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(destination); //Create Message TextMessage message = session.createTextMessage("Hello, Apache Qpid!"); //Sending messages producer.send(message); //Close connections and sessions session.close(); connection.close(); } } ``` Received message code: ```java import org.apache.qpid.jms.JmsConnectionFactory; import javax.jms.*; public class MessageReceiver { public static void main(String[] args) throws JMSException { //Create Connection Factory JmsConnectionFactory factory = new JmsConnectionFactory(); factory.setRemoteURI("amqp://localhost:5672"); //Create connections and sessions Connection connection = factory.createConnection(); Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); //Create Goals Destination destination = session.createQueue("myQueue"); //Create message consumers MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(destination); //Set up message listeners consumer.setMessageListener(message -> { try { System.out.println("Received message: " + ((TextMessage) message).getText()); } catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); //Start Connection connection.start(); //Pause for a period of time to receive messages try { Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } //Close connections and sessions session.close(); connection.close(); } } ``` The above code relies on Apache Qpid's JMS client library, which can be introduced using the following Maven dependencies: ```xml <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.qpid</groupId> <artifactId>qpid-jms-client</artifactId> <version>0.63.0</version> </dependency> ``` Framework official website link: https://qpid.apache.org/