Introduction to MongoDB

MongoDB is an open source document database that adopts a distributed file storage method and features high reliability, scalability, and performance. It was developed and promoted by 10gen company (now MongoDB company). The company was established in 2007 and is headquartered in New York, USA. MongoDB is suitable for large-scale data storage and processing scenarios, especially for applications that require fast iteration and flexible data models. The advantages of MongoDB include: 1. High performance: MongoDB uses Memory-mapped file to store data, which can ensure high-speed read and write operations. 2. Flexible data model: MongoDB adopts a document storage model, which does not require defining data structures in advance and can easily adapt to changing data models. 3. Distributed architecture: MongoDB supports horizontal expansion of data and can handle larger workloads by adding more servers. 4. Rich Query language: MongoDB supports rich Query language, including nested query, range query, regular expression query, etc. 5. Data replication and fault recovery: MongoDB supports automatic data replication and fault recovery, improving data reliability and availability. The drawbacks of MongoDB include: 1. Storage space consumption: Compared to traditional relational databases, MongoDB consumes more storage space when storing data. 2. Limited query performance: Due to MongoDB's flexibility and rich Query language, complex queries may lead to performance degradation. 3. Lack of transaction support: MongoDB does not support transactions, which can complicate the development of applications that require transaction management. The technical principles of MongoDB: 1. Storage Engine: MongoDB uses B-tree indexing to efficiently store and search for data. 2. Fragmentation technology: MongoDB distributes data across multiple servers through data sharding, achieving horizontal expansion of data. 3. Replica Set: MongoDB supports automatic replication and fault recovery of data, providing high availability data access through replica sets. For performance analysis of MongoDB, monitoring tools can be used to obtain various indicator information, such as monitoring response time, query performance, replication latency, etc. through MMS (MongoDB Monitoring Service) or using third-party monitoring tools. The official website of MongoDB is: https://www.mongodb.com/ In summary, MongoDB is a high-performance, scalable, and flexible document database suitable for large-scale data storage and processing scenarios. It has advantages such as flexible data models, high availability, and distributed architecture, but also has disadvantages such as storage space consumption, limited query performance, and lack of transaction support.