How to use Autobahnpython in Python to implement WebSocket communication
How to use Autobahnpython in Python to implement WebSocket communication
WebSocket is a protocol that implements full dual -work communication between Web browsers and servers.It allows push data from the server to the client, and the client can also send messages to the server at any time.In Python, we can use the Autobahnpython library to implement WebSocket communication.
Autobahnpython is a Python library based on Twisted, which provides the implementation of WebSocket and WAMP (Web Application Messaging Protocol).The following is some steps to use Autobahnpython to implement WebSocket communication:
1. Install the Autobahnpython Library: Use PIP or PIPENV to install the Autobahnpython library in the command line.
shell
pip install autobahn[twisted]
2. Create the WebSocket server side: Introduce `autobahn.twisted.websocket` modules in the Python script, and define a class that inherits from` WebSocketServerProtocol`.
python
from twisted.internet import reactor
from autobahn.twisted.websocket import WebSocketServerProtocol, WebSocketServerFactory
class MyServerProtocol(WebSocketServerProtocol):
def onConnect(self, request):
print("Client connected: {}".format(request.peer))
def onOpen(self):
print("WebSocket connection open.")
def onMessage(self, payload, isBinary):
if isBinary:
print("Binary message received: {} bytes".format(len(payload)))
else:
message = payload.decode('utf8')
print("Text message received: {}".format(message))
self.sendMessage(payload, isBinary)
def onClose(self, wasClean, code, reason):
print("WebSocket connection closed: {}".format(reason))
factory = WebSocketServerFactory()
factory.protocol = MyServerProtocol
reactor.listenTCP(9000, factory)
reactor.run()
In the above code, we created a class called `MyServerprotocol`, which inherited from` WebSocketServerProtocol`.In the `MyServerprotocol`, we can define some methods of processing connection, receiving messages and closing connections.In this example, we simply print the received text messages and send the same message to the client.
3. Create a WebSocket client: You can use the browser as a WebSocket client, or write a Python script as the client.
python
from autobahn.twisted.websocket import WebSocketClientProtocol, WebSocketClientFactory
from twisted.internet import reactor
class MyClientProtocol(WebSocketClientProtocol):
def onConnect(self, response):
print("Server connected: {}".format(response.peer))
def onOpen(self):
print("WebSocket connection open.")
self.sendMessage("Hello, server!".encode('utf8'))
def onMessage(self, payload, isBinary):
if isBinary:
print("Binary message received: {} bytes".format(len(payload)))
else:
message = payload.decode('utf8')
print("Text message received: {}".format(message))
def onClose(self, wasClean, code, reason):
print("WebSocket connection closed: {}".format(reason))
factory = WebSocketClientFactory()
factory.protocol = MyClientProtocol
reactor.connectTCP("localhost", 9000, factory)
reactor.run()
In the above code, we created a class called `MyClientProtocol`, which inherited from the` WebSocketClientProtocol`.In the `MyClientProtocol`, we can define some methods of processing connection, sending messages and closing connections.In this example, we send a message to the server after the connection is established.
4. Run code: Run the server and client code.
First, we need to run the code on the server side.Execute the following commands in the command line:
shell
python server.py
Then, run the code of the client.Execute the following commands in the command line:
shell
python client.py
The server will display information about the information of the `Client Connected` and the` Text Message Received`, indicating the message sent by the client.The client will also display information about the `Server Connected` and` Text Message Received`, which means that the connection is successfully established and received the message that the server sends.
The above code shows how to use the Autobahnpython library to implement WebSocket communication in Python.By customized server and client protocol class, we can process connection, send and receive messages, and make custom operations in different scenarios.
